My question is how do I iterate over the anonymous array?

That is not very hard. Iterating over an array in Perl is done as follows:

foreach my $element (@array) { ... }
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But, where ever we write @array, we can replace the array with a block returning a reference to an array - which can be anonymous as well.

So, in your case, $fileinfo{$md5hash}{path} is a reference to an array. Hence, you can iterate over it like:

foreach my $element (@{$fileinfo{$md5hash}{path}}) {
    print $element, "\n";
}
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Abigail