in reply to Why do I need a space here?

You don't need to escape the <. If you fear that, somewhere, somehow, writing code weirdly, you could confuse Perl and make it believe that you a referring to a filehandle, you could use other tricks, like:

print SOMEWHERE '<'."HTML>\n" ;

but you shouldn't need that. In fact, Perl is often smarter than you expect :-)

Ciao!
--bronto

# Another Perl edition of a song:
# The End, by The Beatles
END {
  $you->take($love) eq $you->made($love) ;
}