You aren't quoting the column values for DBI. The simplest way to force that is to rewrite the query with placeholders:

sub db_update_field {
    my $table = shift;
    my $record = shift;
    my $field = shift;
    my $value = shift;    

    my $dbh = dbconnect();
    my $db_update_field = $dbh->prepare (
       "UPDATE $table SET $field = ? WHERE id = ?"
    );
    $db_update_field->execute ($value, $record);
}
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The alternative is to call $dbh->quote on the values. I also corrected the connect call to provide the db handle.

Does your dbconnect() routine set up the RaiseError flag?

After Compline,
Zaxo