push @{$files{$file}} , [ split ]
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This line actually assignes the fields of the current line to "a variable". More detailed 'split' actually means 'split " ",$_' which is described in `perldoc -f split`. The resulting list is put into an anonymous array-reference, which itself is pushed into an array that is again an anonymous ref and the value of the filename-key in the hash %files.

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