Not certain that its exactly a great Benchmark, but it seems to clearly indicates that using the x op is substantially faster.

#! perl -sw
use strict;
use Benchmark qw(cmpthese);

sub mapgen    { return map $_[0], (1..$_[1]); }
sub xgen    { return ($_[0]) x $_[1]; }

cmpthese( 1000, {
    mapgen    => 'my @ones = mapgen 1, 1000;',
    xgen    => 'my @ones = xgen 1, 1000;',
});

__END__
Benchmark: timing 1000 iterations of mapgen, xgen...
    mapgen:  9 wallclock secs ( 8.18 usr +  0.00 sys =  8.18 CPU) @ 12
+2.23/s (n=1000)
      xgen:  5 wallclock secs ( 5.15 usr +  0.00 sys =  5.15 CPU) @ 19
+4.29/s (n=1000)
        Rate mapgen   xgen
mapgen 122/s     --   -37%
xgen   194/s    59%     --

C:\test>
[download]

Right. And using fixed values instead of generic subroutines appears to be much more (and more and more) fast:

#! perl -sw
use strict;
use Benchmark qw(cmpthese);

my $mapgen = sub { return map 5, (1..1000); } ;
my $xgen   = sub { return (5) x 1000 ; } ;

cmpthese( 10000, {
    mapgen    => $mapgen,
    xgen    => $xgen,
});

__END__
[download]

gives, on my lightly-loaded Pentium IV 1.5Ghz,

Benchmark: timing 10000 iterations of mapgen, xgen...
    mapgen:  5 wallclock secs ( 5.04 usr +  0.03 sys =  5.07 CPU) @ 19
+72.39/s (n=10000)
      xgen:  0 wallclock secs ( 0.03 usr +  0.00 sys =  0.03 CPU) @ 33
+3333.33/s
(n=10000)
            (warning: too few iterations for a reliable count)
           Rate mapgen   xgen
mapgen   1972/s     --   -99%
xgen   333333/s 16800%     --
[download]

So map loses again. Uhm... it's the second time that other functions are far faster than map... I'd be interested in seeing a real case where map is the faster choice... does anyone have any?

Ciao!
--bronto

# Another Perl edition of a song:
# The End, by The Beatles
END {
  $you->take($love) eq $you->made($love) ;
}

my @new = map { transform $_ } @old; is faster than

my @new;
push @new, transform $_ for @old;
[download]

I'm wary of your results though. My gut feeling is that something is getting optimized away at compile time, but I can't seem to get it deparsed like that. Maybe x is really 168x faster than map in this case (and in your perl build and on your machine)..

Makeshifts last the longest.

$ perl -MBenchmark -e'timethese(10000, { map => sub { @_ = map 1, 1..1
+000 }, x => sub { @_ = (1)x1000 }})'

Benchmark: timing 10000 iterations of map, x...
       map: 29 wallclock secs (27.09 usr +  0.24 sys = 27.33 CPU) @ 36
+5.90/s (n=10000)
         x: 14 wallclock secs (13.36 usr +  0.09 sys = 13.45 CPU) @ 74
+3.49/s (n=10000)

$ perl -MBenchmark -e'timethese(1000000, { map => sub { @_ = map 1, 1.
+.5 }, x => sub { @_ = (1)x5 }})'

Benchmark: timing 1000000 iterations of map, x...
       map: 17 wallclock secs (15.55 usr +  0.15 sys = 15.70 CPU) @ 63
+694.27/s (n=1000000)
         x:  9 wallclock secs ( 8.44 usr +  0.11 sys =  8.55 CPU) @ 11
+6959.06/s (n=1000000)
[download]

$ perl -MO=Deparse,-x7 -e'timethese(1000000, { map => sub { @_ = map 1
+, 1..5 }, x => sub { @_ = (1)x5 }})'

timethese 1000000, {'map', sub {
    @_ = map(1, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
}
, 'x', sub {
    @_ = (1) x 5;
}
};
-e syntax OK
[download]

Makeshifts last the longest.