Thanks Rob! I had intended using some sort of templating system - I'd come across html::template; mason; eperl etc... and a couple of years ago I used a simple templating system based on perl cookbook recipe 20.9. But various web searches hadn't given much in the line of hints as to i18n apart from the obvious "use templates" :-) the app is only in the design stage at the moment - but design needs to finish "real soon now" for budgeting purposes... and something like a templating system can change how the design works... Thanks, Sean