Using Data::Types:

use Data::Types qw/:all/;

my @numbers = (0, 3.14, 5);

for my $num (@numbers) {
    if (is_int($num)) {
        print "$num is an int.\n";
    } elsif (is_float($num)) {
        print "$num is a float.\n";
    } else {
        print "$num is something else.\n";
    }
}
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That should print:

0 is an int.
3.14 is a float.
5 is an int.
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More excellent examples in the docs