I think you'd be better off doing this using the XSLT support in XML::XSLT or XML::LibXSLT.

"The first rule of Perl club is you do not talk about Perl club."
-- Chip Salzenberg

Where can I find the XML::LibXSLT module to install on Windows.
Many thanks,
JD

It's in Randy Kobes' repository of Perl modules.

http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppmpackages/

--
<http://www.dave.org.uk>

"The first rule of Perl club is you do not talk about Perl club."
-- Chip Salzenberg

Many Thanks,
I installed following Perl moduls


XML-LibXML.ppd
XML-LibXML-Common.ppd
XML-LibXML-Iterator.ppd
XML-LibXSLT.ppd
XML-XPath.ppd
XML-SAX.ppd
[download]


I am receiving the following error message


E:\xml2xml\xslt>perl libxslt.pl
Can't load 'C:/Perl/site/lib/auto/XML/LibXML/Common/Common.dll' for mo
+dule XML::
LibXML::Common: load_file:One of the library files needed to run this 
+applicatio
n cannot be found at C:/Perl/lib/DynaLoader.pm line 229.
 at C:/Perl/site/lib/XML/LibXML.pm line 11
Compilation failed in require at C:/Perl/site/lib/XML/LibXML.pm line 1
+1.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at C:/Perl/site/lib/XML/LibXML.pm li
+ne 11.
Compilation failed in require at C:/Perl/site/lib/XML/LibXSLT.pm line 
+8.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at C:/Perl/site/lib/XML/LibXSLT.pm l
+ine 8.
Compilation failed in require at libxslt.pl line 1.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at libxslt.pl line 1.
[download]


Please suggest. JD

Or you could use XML::Twig ;--)

The important method here is insert. Here is the POD for it:

insert ($gi1, $optional_atts1, $gi2, $optional_atts2,...)

For each gi in the list inserts an element $gi as the only child of the element. The element gets the optional attributes in $optional_atts. All children of the element are set as children of the new element. The upper level element is returned.

  $p->insert( table => { border=> 1}, 'tr', 'td')
[download]

  <p><table border="1"><tr><td>original content of p</td></tr></table>
+</p>
[download]

And the code that does what you want:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use XML::Twig;


my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_handlers => { _all_ => sub { $_->insert( s
+ort values %{$_->atts});
                                                         $_->del_atts;
                                                       },
                                        },
                     )
                ->parse( \*DATA)
                ->print;

__DATA__
<open1 type="head1">
This is test. <em type="italic">emp</em> this <i>emp</i>  is <em type=
+"bold">emp</em> test.
</open1>
[download]

This is a very good job for XSLT which is used to transform XML to XML (or anything else for that matter). Have a look at XML::LibXSLT.

Hope this helps, -gjb-

Since there's always more than one way to do it ... you might also want to consider SAX. Kip Hampton has written a number of articles introducing SAX at xml.com:

• High-Performance XML Parsing With SAX
• Transforming XML With SAX Filters
• Introducing XML::SAX::Machines Part One and Part Two

From your question question I assume you haven't used XSLT before, so to help you get started here's an XSLT stylesheet that will do the job to get you started.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

<!--
  When matching the root node, create a 'doc' element
  in the result tree and process all the child nodes of
  the root node.
-->
<xsl:template match="/">
  <doc>
    <xsl:apply-templates />
  </doc>
</xsl:template>

<!--
  Matching an 'open1' element causes the creation of an
  element named after the value of the type attribute
  of the 'open1' element in the result tree.
  Any child nodes of the current node are processed and
  inserted below the newly created element.
-->
<xsl:template match="open1">
  <xsl:element name="{@type}">
    <xsl:apply-templates />
  </xsl:element> 
</xsl:template>

<!--
  Matching an 'em' element causes the insertion of an 'emp'
  element with a child element named after the value of the
  type attribute of the 'em' element in the result tree.
  Any child nodes of the 'em' element are processed (and
  inserted below the newly created element).
-->
<xsl:template match="em">
  <emp>
    <xsl:element name="{@type}">
      <xsl:apply-templates />
    </xsl:element> 
  </emp>
</xsl:template>

<!--
  Matching an 'i' element causes the insertion of an
  'italic' element. Nodes resulting from processing
  child nodes of the current node will be inserted below
  this element.
-->
<xsl:template match="i">
  <italic>
    <xsl:apply-templates />
  </italic>
</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>
[download]

Of course, this isn't a substitute for reading one or more tutorials or (if you are so inclined) the XSLT spec, but it will give you something to play with in the meantime.

&mdash Arien