use Inline C => <<'*C*';
int UniqueCount(unsigned char *str) {
  char counts[256];
  int i;
  int result;

  /* clear the array */

  for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) {
    counts[i] = (char) 0;
  }

  /* notice the characters */

  while (*str) {
    counts[*str++] = 1;
  }

  /* now count the results */

  result = 0;
  for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) {
    result += counts[i];
  }

  return result;
}
*C*
#----------
sub withForeach {
    my $string = shift();
    my %seen;
    $seen{$_} = 1 for (split //, $string);
    $count = scalar(keys %seen);
}
#--------
sub withRegexp2 {
    my $string = shift();
    1 while $string =~ s/(.)(.*?)\1/$1$2/g;
    length($string);
}
#-------
sub withSlice {
    my $string = shift();
    my %seen;
    @seen{split //, $string} = ();
    $count = scalar(keys %seen);
}
#--------
sub withFor {
    my $string = shift();
    my %seen;
    for (my $i=0;$i<length($string);$i++) {
        $seen{substr($string,$i,1)} = 1;
    }
    $count = scalar(keys %seen);
}
#--------
sub withFor2 {
    my $string = shift();
    my %seen;
    my $length = length($string);
    for (my $i=0;$i<$length;$i++) {
        $seen{substr($string,$i,1)} = 1;
    }
    $count = scalar(keys %seen);
}
#--------
sub withFor3 {
    my $string = shift();
    my @seen;
    my $length = length($string);
    my $count = 0;
    for (my $i=0;$i<$length;$i++) {
        $count++ unless $seen[ord(substr($string,$i,1))]++;
    }
    $count;
}
#--------
sub withRegexp {
    my $string = shift();
    my %seen;
    $string =~ s/(.)/$seen{$1} = 1;$_/eg;
    $count = scalar(keys %seen);
}
#---------
sub pfaut {
    my $l = '';
    my $u;
    for (sort split(//,$_[0])) {
        $u++,$l=$_ if ($_ ne $l);
    }
    return $u;
}
#---------
sub withTr {
 my $txt = join('', sort(split //,shift));
 $txt =~ tr/\x00-\xff//s;
 return length($txt);
}
#----------
sub nUniqC{
    scalar grep{ ++$_[$_] == 1 } unpack('C*',$_[0]);
}
#--------
sub withVec {
    my $string = shift();
    my $seen = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
+\0\0\0\0\0";
    my $length = length($string);
    for (my $i=0;$i<$length;$i++) {
        vec($seen, ord(substr($string,$i,1)),1) = 1;
    }
    $count = unpack("%32b*", $seen);
}
#--------
sub withVecPack {
    my $seen = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
+\0\0\0\0\0";
    for (unpack('C*',$_[0])) {
        vec($seen, $_, 1) = 1;
    }
    $count = unpack("%32b*", $seen);
}
#------------
#print "withFor=",withFor("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24uhsdf
+uh"),"\n";
#print "withVecPack=",withVecPack("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3
+h24uhsdfuh"),"\n";

use Benchmark;
timethese 100000, {
    "nUniqC" => 'nUniqC("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24uhsdfuh
+")',
    "withTr" => 'withTr("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24uhsdfuh
+")',
    "pfaut" => 'pfaut("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24uhsdfuh")
+',
    "withFor" => 'withFor("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24uhsdf
+uh")',
    "withFor2" => 'withFor2("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24uhs
+dfuh")',
    "withFor3" => 'withFor3("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24uhs
+dfuh")',
    "withVec" => 'withFor3("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24uhsd
+fuh")',
    "withVecPack" => 'withVecPack("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3
+h24uhsdfuh")',
    "withSlice" => 'withSlice("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h24u
+hsdfuh")',
    "withForeach" => 'withForeach("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3
+h24uhsdfuh")',
    "withRegexp" => 'withRegexp("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3h2
+4uhsdfuh")',
    "withRegexp2" => 'withRegexp2("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3
+h24uhsdfuh")',
    "UniqueCount" => 'UniqueCount("4bisudbo34hlasnrgf08q3274huhsdfg0q3
+h24uhsdfuh")',
};

__END__
Benchmark: timing 100000 iterations of UniqueCount, nUniqC, pfaut, wit
+hFor, with
For2, withFor3, withForeach, withRegexp, withRegexp2, withSlice, withT
+r, withVec
, withVecPack...
UniqueCount:  1 wallclock secs ( 0.27 usr +  0.00 sys =  0.27 CPU)
    @ 370370.37/s (n=100000)
            (warning: too few iterations for a reliable count)
    nUniqC:  6 wallclock secs ( 6.15 usr +  0.00 sys =  6.15 CPU)
    @ 16262.81/s (n=100000)
     pfaut: 17 wallclock secs (16.70 usr +  0.00 sys = 16.70 CPU)
    @ 5986.95/s (n=100000)
   withFor: 11 wallclock secs (10.52 usr +  0.01 sys = 10.53 CPU)
    @ 9492.17/s (n=100000)
  withFor2: 10 wallclock secs ( 9.96 usr +  0.00 sys =  9.96 CPU)
    @ 10036.13/s (n=100000)
  withFor3:  8 wallclock secs ( 8.14 usr +  0.00 sys =  8.14 CPU)
    @ 12283.50/s (n=100000)
withForeach: 14 wallclock secs (15.49 usr +  0.01 sys = 15.50 CPU)
    @ 6451.20/s (n=100000)
withRegexp: 23 wallclock secs (22.05 usr +  0.00 sys = 22.05 CPU)
    @ 4534.74/s (n=100000)
withRegexp2: 27 wallclock secs (26.52 usr +  0.00 sys = 26.52 CPU)
    @ 3771.02/s (n=100000)
 withSlice: 12 wallclock secs (11.99 usr +  0.00 sys = 11.99 CPU)
    @ 8341.68/s (n=100000)
    withTr: 13 wallclock secs (13.05 usr +  0.00 sys = 13.05 CPU)
    @ 7663.42/s (n=100000)
   withVec:  9 wallclock secs ( 8.14 usr +  0.00 sys =  8.14 CPU)
    @ 12283.50/s (n=100000)
withVecPack:  8 wallclock secs ( 8.02 usr +  0.00 sys =  8.02 CPU)
    @ 12467.27/s (n=100000)
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