in reply to how to use logarithms in perl

From the documentation of log:
log EXPR log Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of EXPR. If EXPR is omitted, returns log of $_. To get the log of another base, use basic algebra: The base-N log of a number is equal to the natural log of that number divided by the natural log of N. For exampl +e: sub log10 { my $n = shift; return log($n)/log(10); } See also "exp" for the inverse operation.
Please check your documentation more thoroughly - this was only a perldoc -f log away.

CU
Robartes-