in reply to Building a hash of employees.

I would consider it a very poor practice, to hard-code data into a program.

As has been suggested before, saving the data in XML would buy you a whole lot of data independence, extensibility, and functionality - you get built-in Xpath, searches, and data validation using XML modules.

You may encounter resistance based on ignorance, but I encourage you to learn XML if necessary - there is no down-side. Here is a sample based on your requirements:

<?xml version='1.0'?> <AllEmployees> <emp name="Mike" age = '27' phone = '213.xxx.xxxx' email = 'xxx@xxx.xxx'> <skills> <computerlanguage name= "python" skilllevel='5'> <computerlanguage name= "java" skilllevel='2'> <computerlanguage name= "python" skilllevel='5'> <speciality name='bioinformatics'> <speciality name='biochemistry'> </skills> </emp> <emp name='Cindy' age='23' ....etc <skills> ...etc... </skills> </emp> ...etc </AllEmployees>