Put the first table into a hash, and loop over the second:

#!/usr/bin/perl
                     
use strict;
use warnings;
            
my %subs = map {@$_} [qw /jones B0/],
                     [qw /smith B1/],
                     [qw /adrew B2/],
                     [qw /larry B3/];
             
my @data = ([qw /jones AAAAA BBBBB CCCCC/],
            [qw /aaaaa AAAAA larry CCCCC/],
            [qw /jones AAAAA BBBBB CCCCC/],
            [qw /DDDDD AAAAA BBBBB larry/],
            [qw /jones AAAAA adrew CCCCC/],
            [qw /jones smith BBBBB CCCCC/],
           );


foreach (@data) {
    foreach (@$_) {
        $_ = $subs {$_} || $_;
    }
}
            
$" = '", "';
print qq !["@$_"]\n! for @data;
__END__
["B0", "AAAAA", "BBBBB", "CCCCC"]
["aaaaa", "AAAAA", "B3", "CCCCC"]
["B0", "AAAAA", "BBBBB", "CCCCC"]
["DDDDD", "AAAAA", "BBBBB", "B3"]
["B0", "AAAAA", "B2", "CCCCC"]
["B0", "B1", "BBBBB", "CCCCC"]
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Abigail