Thanks everyone for your replies. I am currently experimenting with your suggestions to see which one works best. Any code that works gets stuck in the TIMTOWTDI drawer. I tried Merlyn's suggestion first and it works great. I am also messing around with other people's suggestions and they work too.... I spent several hours researching your responses. I will try to post a "here is what I learned" summary for any monks new to DBI. Thanks, moo