I think you want to store the record read from the file into a scalar, not an array.

use strict;
use warnings;

my %hash = ();

while (<DATA>) {
  chomp;
  $hash{$_}++;
}

foreach (keys %hash) {
  print "$_ appears $hash{$_} time(s).\n";
}

__DATA__
123  56
123  56
234  45
123  56
678  93
678  93
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