Anonymous Monk has asked for the wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:

Hi. I'm trying to learn Parse::RecDescent, but my code below says "Unknown starting rule (Parse::RecDescent::namespace000001::startrule) called at ./expressions.pl line 30". I found the code at Perl.com. I can't figure out my error and I don't know how to debug this.

#!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; use Parse::RecDescent; $::RD_HINT = 1; $::RD_WARN = 1; $::RD_ERRORS = 1; our %VARIABLE; sub expression { my ($left, $op, $right) = @_; $left = $VARIABLE{$left} if $left =~ /[^-+0-9]/; return eval "$left $op $right"; } my @expressions = ( 'a=2', 'a=1+3', 'print 5*7', ); my $parser1 = Parse::RecDescent->new(grammar1()); foreach my $expression (@expressions) { print "$expression\n"; $parser1->startrule($expression); } sub grammar1 { return <<'__EOGRAMMAR__'; # # Terminals (macros that can't expand further) # OP : m([-+*/%]) # Mathematical operators INTEGER : /[-+]?\d+/ # Signed integers VARIABLE : /\w[a-z0-9_]*/i # Variable expression : INTEGER OP expression { return main::expression(@item) } | VARIABLE OP expression { return main::expression(@item) | INTEGER | VARIABLE { return $main::VARIABLE{$item{VARIABLE}} } print_instruction : /print/i expression { print $item{expression}."\n" } assign_instruction : VARIABLE "=" expression { $main::VARIABLE{$item{VARIABLE}} = $item{ex +pression} } instruction : print_instruction | assign_instruction startrule : instruction(s /;/) __EOGRAMMAR__ }

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Re: How do I debug Parse::RecDescent?
by gjb (Vicar) on Sep 02, 2003 at 20:02 UTC

    Have a look at Parse::RecDescent::FAQ, there's a section on debugging.

    Hope this helps, -gjb-

    Update: Putting the non-terminal rules first, starting with the starting rule seems to solve the problem. And incidently, for your examples to parse, you'll want to chance:

    startrule : instruction(s /;/)
    to
    startrule : instruction(s? /;/)
    since all your test examples consist of just a single instruction.