Yes, Perl can do this. The question is whether or not you can do this. You could try gathering the data from the form and passing it to the CGI script with backticks, the qx// operator, or a number of other possibilities. An alternative, if you know C, is to use Inline to hook Perl directly into the C code. Another possibility is to use cgic (or something similar), a CGI library written in C that you could simply link to the program and have everything handled in C.

If you have 5 days to figure this out, it shouldn't be too hard. Depending upon what you really need, this is really only a couple of hours worth of work, at most (for the first option or two). Heck, if the parameters are simple enough, it's a 10 minute job so you should have no problems getting it done. Good luck!