As I mentioned, I'm severely challenged in the ways of modular thinking ... I just wish I understood how the code you offered is applied to the example I listed.

Also - many of the forms I'd like to Validate with D::FV are static HTML pages ... and I'm assuming that D::FV can be used in these situations?

I feel like I'm close to being able to use the module to check form input ... I can retrieve the missing fields, etc., but can't seem to get past retrieving a hash reference similar to:     HASH(0x81ff9dc)     for the     results->msgs()     info/data instead of real stuff. It's feeling like there's something fundamental that I'm just not recognizing .....

Thanks for your suggestion, jdtoronto, ... maybe one of these months I'll start to understand the concepts more clearly.