See $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR for how to read multiline records as single chunks and tr// for a quick way to count characters.

#! perl -slw
use strict;

$/ = "\n>"; # set record separator

while( <DATA> ){
    # Split the record in two
    my( $label, $data ) =  m[ (^ [^\n]+ ) \n ( .*$ ) ]sx;
    
    # Remove extraneous '>' characters
    $label =~ s[^>][];
    $data =~ s[>$][]s;
    
    # remove newlines from the data
    $data =~ tr[\n][]d;
    
    # count the characters
    # my $count = $data =~ tr[ACGT][ACGT]; # Corrected the omission of
+ $data from this line.

    my $count = $data =~ tr[ACGT][ACGT];
    
    print "$label contains $count characters";
}

=output

P:\test>321523
gb|AE008689|:2073051-2073458, Atu4895 contains 408 characters
gb|AE008689|:c2074151-2073549, Atu4896 contains 603 characters
gb|AE008689|:c2074749-2074345, Atu4897 contains 405 characters

=cut


__DATA__
>gb|AE008689|:2073051-2073458, Atu4895
TTGGTCACATATTTTCGCTATTCGAAACCCAAATATCCCTGCGGAACACGTTTTATTGGAGCCGCCGTTT
TGCAGTTGCTCGGTGCTGGATTCTTGGCGTTCGTCTTTTGTCTGCTGGATGGGCTCACTGCAAAACCAAC
GATAATTCTCGGTCAGTTTGTATCATGCCTAGTGGGGAGCGTCGCCGGCTTTCATTTCGTGGCTTTTCGT
CGCCCAGGCACGGACGGCCAACTTTACCTTATCGCGACGTCGCTCTTGGCATTTGGGACCCATTATTGGC
TGGTGTCATATTCATTACCTGACCTTTTGCTAGCAAGATTGATTTCAGGATTTGGATCGGGTGTGGTTGT
TGCAGGAACTTTCCGACGTCGCTTTCTGGAAAATCCGGTAATTCCCTGCGTTCGATAG
>gb|AE008689|:c2074151-2073549, Atu4896
GTGTTTGGACCATATTTTCTGTGCAAACTAAACGATGACATAGGGCGATTTTTAGTGGCGGACAAATACA
GACTTCCCGAAGAGTTTTTTACCACTCGGTTTCTCGTTAGACGCATCGTACCCACAGACGCTGAAGCTAT
TTTCGAAGGGTGGAACACCGATCCCGAGGTGACGAAGTACCTGACGTGGAAACCCCACTCCGAGCTTGGC
CAGACACAGCGGGCGATTGAAGAAAATTATAGTGCGTGGAATGCAGGTACATCGTTTCCAGCTGTCATCT
GCCATCGCGAACGGCCACATGAACTAATCGGCCGTATTGATGCACGTCCGATGGGCCACAAGGTCTCTTA
CGGGTGGCTTGTCCGAAGAACCTGGTGGGGCCGGGGTGTTGCAAGCGAGGTCGTTCAACTCGCTGTAGAA
CACGCGTTATCGCATCCGCGCATCTTTCGCACCGAAGCATCCTGCGACGTTCTGAACACGGCGTCAGCAA
GAGTGATGGAAAAAGTAGGGATGACAAAGGAGGCCGTGCTTCGACGGTACCTTTTTCACCCCAATTTTTC
GAATATGCCGCGAGACGCCTTCCTGTATTCCAAGGTACGTTAA
>gb|AE008689|:c2074749-2074345, Atu4897
ATGAAACATACCATCGCAGTTCTCGGCCTGATCACCTTCTCCAGCCCGGCCTTCGCAGCATCGTGCGAGA
AAAACTTCACCGTCTCAGGCGTACCGATGGTCACGGCTGTCTCTTACAAATCCTTTCAGGAACTGCCGAA
AGCCAAAGCACCAGCTGTCCTTCAAAAGCTCGCCCAGGCCGTCGCGGCAGAAGGTTTTTCAGGTATCCAG
ATCAACAAGGCACTGTCGTCAATCGATGCCCATCAGGAAACCAGCGGAAGTGGCAGGATTCAGACGCTGC
GGGTTGTCGCCCGCCAGAAAGGCGCCGCTGTCCGGATCGATGCTGTCTTCAATATTCAGGCAGGACAGAT
CGCCGACAAAGACGTCATCCGCAAGGGCATCTGCGACATCATAAAAGGCGCGTAA
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