Hi, I faced a similar problem when I was doing a project for a client. The hard part is there _seems_ to be no solution. Instead, what we did was, converted each XML file into a pattern that seemed to be in tune with the rest of the design of the software i.e. instead of tweaking and getting the error code as you have suggested, we made each XML in UTF8 format by giving it the proper header. Many reasons for doing that:- UTF8 will be the standard, the encoding recognised by the Lib modules that we have to include with our perl scripts, etc. Also, one has to take into consideration that we may have to change the encoding of the browser and the editor so that they are in tune with the encoding that we have chosen. This could be important if you are checking and debugging or in general playing around with the different formats.