parveshc has asked for the wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:

I am outputting the following lines from a dbm file. the dbm file was created by reading a berkley db file:
99991481^A
^A000014^AB0000BVE1I^@
99999888^A
^A000015^AB0000BVE1H^@
how do i eliminate the special characters (special control characters - i think). i have tried:
s/^A//
s/.$//
but they do not work

thanks

Replies are listed 'Best First'.
Re: eliminating special control characters
by BrowserUk (Patriarch) on Feb 25, 2004 at 00:18 UTC

    Individually, you can match control characters using the syntax "\cX" where X is A for ^A B for ^B and "\c@" for a null byte chr(0) etc.

    You can also use "\0" or "\00" or "\000" (octal) or "\x00" (hex) all of which will match '^@'.

    For your particular problem, you would probably be much better off using tr to remove the unwanted characters as in

    $s = "\cA000014\cAB0000BVE1I\c@"; print $s; ?000014?B0000BVE1I $s =~ tr[\x20-\x7f][]cd; print $s; 000014B0000BVE1I

    Breifly, that says "translate anything in the range hex 20 (dec:32 <space>) through hex 7f (dec:127, <rubout>)".

    But then the switches /c say's to complement the list, so now x20-x7f will be left alone and anything else will be transformed. The /d switch says delete anything that matches the (complemented) list. (See the tr// operator in perlop under "Regexp quote-like operators").

    Update: Using tr[\x20-\x7e][]cd; so that rubouts are also deleted might be more appropriate. Either range will delete the extended ascii character (accented chars etc.) in the 8-bit ascii range also. You would need something like tr[\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff][]cd; to avoid this and retain those.


    Examine what is said, not who speaks.
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      thanks for this really detailed reply.
      parvesh
Re: eliminating special control characters
by delirium (Chaplain) on Feb 25, 2004 at 00:21 UTC
    You could search for non-word characters, or create a character class that has all the possible characters you want to keep. For example:

    s/\W+/ /g; # replace non-word characters with a space s/[^a-zA-Z0-9_.*$]+//g; # Delete characters that aren't word characte +rs, periods, asterisks, or dollar signs.
Re: eliminating special control characters
by arden (Curate) on Feb 25, 2004 at 00:23 UTC
    if you always need to get rid of the last character on the line, you can use chop($line) to drop the last character. To get rid of ^A (assuming it truly is two different characters), try s/\^A// since the caret signifies the start of a line/variable. Otherwise, if it is a single character, you need to figure out what it is exactly, not how it is represented on output.
Re: eliminating special control characters
by bsb (Priest) on Feb 26, 2004 at 00:21 UTC
    use String::Escape qw(qprintable);