Naked blocks are documented as being internally implemented as loops which are only executed once.¹

next is a loop control which reevaluates the condition, which is false now.

It's no goto, you can only use if for lables just in front of loop-starts, OTOH gotos can jump to any lables in the same scope.

For your purpose better try redo

> perl
{
  print $x++;
  redo if $x<6;
}
__END__
012345
[download]

or real gotos

> perl
X: 
{
  print $x++;
  goto X if $x<6;
}
__END__
012345
[download]

UPDATES:

¹)from perlsyn

       Basic BLOCKs
 
       A BLOCK by itself (labeled or not) is semantically equivalent t
+o a loop
       that executes once.  Thus you can use any of the loop control
       statements in it to leave or restart the block.
[download]

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