> First I tried the obvious
open in, shift @ARGV;
for(<in>){
Obvious?
You will hardly find any example in the perldocs ever trying this.
Rather
open in, shift @ARGV;
while (<in>){
or better
open my $in, '<', shift @ARGV;
while (my $line = <$in>){
Explanation
your code is semantically equivalent to
my @temp_list=<in>;
for(@temp_list){
slurping the whole file as a first step.
for expects a list and evaluates in list context¹, so it's greedily swallowing all at once.
But while iterates in scalar context, that is line by line (as defined by '$/')
¹) with a little magical exception in recent Perl versions (>= 5.8 ?) regarding ranges, which isn't relevant here
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