G'day littlewenwen,
Welcome to the monastery.
One way to do that is with Tie::File:
$ cat > fred.dat
abcd 123 456 defg
cdefg 23 as
345 235
xsd swe
$ perl -Mstrict -Mwarnings -e '
use Tie::File;
tie my @fred_data, q{Tie::File}, q{fred.dat} or die $!;
@fred_data = map { s/(^|\t)(?=\t|$)/${1}Missing/g; $_ } @fred_data
+;
untie @fred_data;
'
$ cat fred.dat
abcd 123 456 defg
cdefg 23 Missing as
Missing 345 235 Missing
xsd Missing swe Missing
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