Another way (slurping the entire file into 1 string).
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my $file = <<EOF;
TCONS_00000047 XLOC_000039
TCONS_00000718 XLOC_000456
TCONS_00000938 XLOC_000610
TCONS_00004086 XLOC_002872
TCONS_00004252 XLOC_003003
TCONS_00004975 XLOC_003624
TCONS_00004976 XLOC_003624
TCONS_00005492 XLOC_004020
EOF
open my $fh, "<", \$file;
my $slurp; do {local $/; $slurp = <$fh>};
my %hash = split ' ', $slurp;
use Data::Dumper; print Dumper \%hash;
$VAR1 = {
'TCONS_00004086' => 'XLOC_002872',
'TCONS_00004976' => 'XLOC_003624',
'TCONS_00004975' => 'XLOC_003624',
'TCONS_00000718' => 'XLOC_000456',
'TCONS_00000047' => 'XLOC_000039',
'TCONS_00005492' => 'XLOC_004020',
'TCONS_00000938' => 'XLOC_000610',
'TCONS_00004252' => 'XLOC_003003'
};
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