This a quick demonstration of what is going on under the Perl debugger:
DB<1> @c = ('jan', 1, 'feb', 2, 'mar', 3);
DB<2> x \@c
0 ARRAY(0x80359de8)
0 'jan'
1 1
2 'feb'
3 2
4 'mar'
5 3
So, @c is an array.
DB<3> %d = @c;
DB<4> x \%d
0 HASH(0x8042f6d8)
'feb' => 2
'jan' => 1
'mar' => 3
Copying @c into %d sorts of promote the data structure into a hash (provided the number of elements is even). This is what happens in your code snippet. The @_ array contains just a flattened list. $header take the first element of @_, and the rest of @_ is copied into the %types hash.
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