Yes, this makes the trick. After changing source code to
#include <pthread.h>
#include "EXTERN.h"
#include "perl.h"
#include "XSUB.h"
#include "ppport.h"

#undef free
#undef malloc

void *thread(void *arg) {
    char *msg = (char*)arg;
    printf("thread: %s\n", msg);
    free(msg);
    return NULL;
}

MODULE = My    PACKAGE = My

void
test_thread(char *msg)
    PPCODE:
        char *thread_arg = malloc((strlen(msg)+1)*sizeof(char));
        strcpy(thread_arg, msg);
        pthread_t tid;
        pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thread, (void*)thread_arg);
        
        void *rv;
        pthread_join(tid, &rv);

[download]
I have no crashes more! And gcc -E says malloc() is malloc() and free() is free().

Now I am wondering is this trick should be done only on Windows?

> the OP is freeing the wrong thing
Why you think so? Freeing memory after malloc(), even in the other thread doesn't looks wrong for me.

In reply to Re^8: XS: free() outside of the main thread causes crash on Windows by OlegG
in thread XS: free() outside of the main thread causes crash on Windows by OlegG

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