although I see no need to stringize "$line" when $line is already a string read from a file

Correct, in this case it doesn't matter. However since print can take an optional file handle print $fh $data there are some cases where print can be confused about what the first token means (filehandle or something to print to a filehandle). I coded what I knew would work rather than the minimal formulation. I didn't take any time worrying about this detail. My main point as you observed was: "make the regex as complicated as it needs to be, but no more"!

I will point out that the Regex character "$" solves the platform specific line ending \r\n vs \n vs no line ending problem. "$" matches the the end of the string (or before newline at the end of the string; or before any newline if /m is used). I think \Z is the same. So /abc$/ matches lines ending in abc whether there is a line ending there or not.

In reply to Re^4: How do I display only matches (updated) by Marshall
in thread (SOLVED) How do I display only matches by tem2

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