> If there is zero grammatical variation and no chance of having vocabulary misunderstood then, to me, it cannot be considered dialect.

In general do European languages in America have much less variations, mostly because there was not that much time to diverge.

Creol languages are not really dialects, but mergers. In Europe dialects can vary from one valley to the next one.

Try looking up English dialects like "Geordy" °. I've also met Brazilians stating that they have less problems understanding a Spanish movie than a Portuguese one.

> American dialects of foreign languages.

There is also "Texas German" which results from an immigration wave in the 19th century, which is hard to classify.

Well I've seen dialect speakers in French TV like Acadian or Quebecois. I just recently met a Canadian guy who insisted that he spoke "original" French and that Parisian French is "way to gay" (no offense just citing)

Valid point here is that most European settlers were rural farmers, while the European standards were constantly redefined by their intellectual elite. (Posh Southern Englishmen in the case of BE)

Cheers Rolf
(addicted to the Perl Programming Language :)
Wikisyntax for the Monastery FootballPerl is like chess, only without the dice

°) which very similar to Low German didn't undergo many southern sound shifts.

In reply to Re^11: Inclusion of Raku on PerlMonks by LanX
in thread Inclusion of Raku on PerlMonks by haukex

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