In your first input string, there is an a, this gets matched and then assigned to $z (and printed).
In your second input string, there is an empty string before the /, and no a. This gets matched and then assigned to $z (and printed).
Maybe you don't want the stuff in front of the slash to be empty?
perl -le '$t="/b"; if ($t =~/^(+*?)\//){$z=$1}elsif($t=~/\/(.*)/){$z=$
+1} print $z'
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