This
1 while s/^FOO/BAR/g;
repeats the substitution till it fails¹ ...
...which doesn't make much sense because of the ^ anchoring at the start, i.e. it can't substitute more than once.
This should lead to the same results
while (<FH>) {
s/^FOO/BAR/;
print "$_";
}
The rest (iterating over lines from filehandle with $_) should be obvious, right?
If not have a look at perlintro
update
¹) it's a postfix equivalent of
while (s/^FOO/BAR/g) {
1 ; # no op
}
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