The common trick is to sort the words by length descending. The longer matches will then be tried first. 
#! /usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use feature qw{ say };

my @files = qw( 20220401_note.txt
                20200101_no_match.txt
                20220303_page.txt
                20220101_page_with_blanks.txt
                20220111_page_blanks.txt );

my @get = qw( note page page_with_blanks page_blanks );
my $match = join '|',
            sort { length $b <=> length $a }
            map quotemeta,
            @get;

for my $file (@files) {
    if (my ($date, $name) = $file =~ /(202[0-9]{5})_($match)/) {
        say "D:$date - N:$name";
    }
}

[download]

map{substr$_->[0],$_->[1]||0,1}[\*||{},3],[[]],[ref qr-1,-,-1],[{}],[sub{}^*ARGV,3]

In reply to Re: Match similar words in file name by choroba
in thread Match similar words in file name by Anonymous Monk

Title:
Use:  <p> text here (a paragraph) </p>
and:  <code> code here </code>
to format your post, it's "PerlMonks-approved HTML":


  • Posts are HTML formatted. Put <p> </p> tags around your paragraphs. Put <code> </code> tags around your code and data!
  • Titles consisting of a single word are discouraged, and in most cases are disallowed outright.
  • Read Where should I post X? if you're not absolutely sure you're posting in the right place.
  • Please read these before you post! —
  • Posts may use any of the Perl Monks Approved HTML tags:
    a, abbr, b, big, blockquote, br, caption, center, col, colgroup, dd, del, details, div, dl, dt, em, font, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, hr, i, ins, li, ol, p, pre, readmore, small, span, spoiler, strike, strong, sub, summary, sup, table, tbody, td, tfoot, th, thead, tr, tt, u, ul, wbr
  • You may need to use entities for some characters, as follows. (Exception: Within code tags, you can put the characters literally.)
            For:     Use:
    & &amp;
    < &lt;
    > &gt;
    [ &#91;
    ] &#93;
  • Link using PerlMonks shortcuts! What shortcuts can I use for linking?
  • See Writeup Formatting Tips and other pages linked from there for more info.