> You seem to assume that he's using constants

Question: is there any other strict explanation for barewords as operands?

I've seen this pattern so many times with modules exporting flags and IIRC even perldocs°, that this discussion is surprising me.

update

°) see last paragraph in chmod

You can also import the symbolic S_I* constants from the Fcntl module:

use Fcntl qw( :mode );
chmod S_IRWXU|S_IRGRP|S_IXGRP|S_IROTH|S_IXOTH, @executables;
# Identical to the chmod 0755 of the example above.
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