Did you compile it from shell, created with portableshell.bat of Strawberry Perl 5.32.1-PDL?

Yes.

----------------------------------------------
 Welcome to Strawberry Perl PDL Edition!
 * URL - http://strawberryperl.com + http://pdl.perl.org
 * to launch perl script run:      perl c:\my\scripts\pdl-test.pl
 * to start PDL console run:       pdl2
 * to update PDL run:              cpanm PDL
 * to install extra module run:    cpanm PDL::Any::Module
          or if previous fails:    ppm PDL::Any::Module
 * or you can use dev tools like:  gcc, g++, gfortran, gmake
 * see README.TXT for more info
----------------------------------------------
Perl executable: D:\sp\_64\sp-5.32.1-PDL\perl\bin\perl.exe
Perl version   : 5.32.1 / MSWin32-x64-multi-thread
PDL version    : 2.025

D:\sp\_64\sp-5.32.1-PDL>cd \C

D:\C>gcc -o gsl_spmatrix.exe gsl_spmatrix.c -ID:/sp/_64/sp-5.32.1-PDL/
+c/include -LD:/sp/_64/sp-5.32.1-PDL/c/lib -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm

D:\C>gsl_spmatrix.exe
size of _size_t is 8 bytes
1: got: 1.500000
1: nnz: 1
will be reported as 'out of range'
gsl: getset_source.c:27: ERROR: first index out of range
Default GSL error handler invoked.

D:\C>
[download]

I'm confused about this "25", does it mean anything?

I think that's ok. I'm quite used to seeing dll numberings that don't make any sense.
My SP-5.32.1-PDL certainly ships with c/bin/libgsl-25__.dll and I'm not seeing anything unusual happening (apart from the buggy behaviour.)

Using "gsl-2.7.1 library provided by Alien", there's no such complaint.

Are you sure that it's actually using gsl-2.7.1 ? Here's an improved C program that will output that info:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_spmatrix.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_version.h>

int main(void) {
 size_t v = 1;
 v <<= 32;
 v += 1;
 printf("gsl header version : %s\n", GSL_VERSION);
 printf("gsl library version: %s\n", gsl_version);
 printf("size of _size_t is %d bytes\n", sizeof(size_t));
 if(v == 1) printf("WTF\n");
 gsl_spmatrix *m = gsl_spmatrix_alloc(1,1);
 gsl_spmatrix_set( m, 1, 0, 1.5 );
 printf("1: got: %f\n", gsl_spmatrix_get( m, 1, 0));
 printf("1: nnz: %d\n", gsl_spmatrix_nnz( m ));
 gsl_spmatrix_set( m, v, 0, 1.75 );
 if (v >= m->size1) printf("will be reported as 'out of range'\n");
 printf("2: got: %f\n", gsl_spmatrix_get( m, v, 0 ));
 printf("2: nnz: %d\n", gsl_spmatrix_nnz( m ));
 return 0;
}
[download]

If 1st setter sets at index 2, then "v += 2;" leads to "out of range". They both set the same element

I don't understand this.
Are you claiming that v + 2 == 2 ?
While that might be deemed true on a 32-bit system, it's not the case when sizeof(size_t) is 8.
Could you provide the perl -V output of your Strawberry-5.32.1-PDL. (Maybe I've missed something significant.)

D:\C>perl -le "$x = (1 << 32) + 2; print $x; print 'WTF' if $x == 2;"
4294967298
[download]

Cheers,
Rob

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