Of course length can also give you different results if you change the UTF8 flag.

Could you please give an example for this? How do you "change the UTF8 flag"?

• utf8::encode and utf8::decode change the flag, but also the characters (same for Encode). So, obviously, the length can change.
• utf8::upgrade and utf8::downgrade change the flag and the internal representation, but keep the length.

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