”… characters that are not octets…”

That confuses me a bit. What else would they be made of?

say unpack( "U*", "a");
printf("%04X\n", unpack('W*', decode_utf8("a")));
say join " ", unpack( "U*", "😎");
printf("%04X\n", unpack('W*', decode_utf8("😎")));

__END__

97
0061
240 159 152 142
1F60E

[download]

I read it like this: ”a” - code point 0061 - is one octet and 😎 - code point 1F60E - is four octets long.

«The Crux of the Biscuit is the Apostrophe»

In reply to Re^4: Add 1 to an arbitrary-length binary string by karlgoethebier
in thread Add 1 to an arbitrary-length binary string by einhverfr

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