Any suggestions as to how to simplify/condense this code snippet ? 

my %Y;
while (<>) {
  ...
  my ($y) = ... ;
  next unless $y;
  if(@ARGV) {
      foreach (@ARGV) { $Y{$y}++,next if $y eq $_;  }
  } else { $Y{$y}++ }
}

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In reply to Code review by Anonymous Monk

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