I write a perl script to add bookmarks to pdf as below

#!/bin/perl
# add bookmark to pdf, at most two levels
use strict;
use PDF::Reuse;
use File::Basename;
my ($oldfile, $toc, $gap) = @ARGV;
my $newfile = basename($oldfile, '.pdf') . '_new.pdf';
our $lastpage = 0;
sub insertbookmark(@){
    my ($chapter, @section) = @_ or return;
    my %items = (text => $chapter->{text},
                 act => $chapter->{act}
                );
    @items{'close', 'kids'} = (1, \@section) if @section;
    prBookmark(\%items);
}
sub valid($){
    my $line = shift;
    my ($text, $page) = $line =~ /^(.+)\t(\d+)$/ or die $line, 'is ill
+ formatted';
    # ()have to escape
    $text =~ s/([()])/\\\1/g;
    warn $text, ' on page ', $page, ' must be wrong' if $page < $lastp
+age;
    $lastpage = $page;
    return ($text, $page);
}
prFile($newfile);
prDoc($oldfile) or die;
open my $fh, '<', $toc or die;
my @section;
while (<$fh>){
  chomp;
  my $flag = s/^\t//;# at most one tab
  my ($text, $page) = valid $_;
  $page += ($gap - 1);
  my $bookmark = { text => $text,
                   act => "$page, 40, 700"};
  unless ($flag){
    insertbookmark @section;
    @section = ();
  }
  push @section, $bookmark;
}
insertbookmark @section;
prEnd();
[download]

Lately I try use pdftk xxx.pdf dump_data_utf8 and to do some modification but I found the bookmarks are not encoded well, if I open with firefox or evince, the bookmarks of chinese characters are a mess, pdfs show fine only with zathura. I ask around, the given advice is to use PDF::API2 to do the work, but I can only add bookmarks to an bookmark-empty pdf as below, but the bookmark is well-encoded, show chinese characters well with firefox or evince.

use PDF::API2;
use utf8::all;
use File::Basename;
my $oldfile = shift;
my $newfile = basename($oldfile, '.pdf') . '_new.pdf';

my $pdf = PDF::API2->open($oldfile);
my $item = $outline->outline();
$item->title('some chinese characters');
$item->destination($pdf->open_page(1));
$pdf->save($newfile);
[download]

I cannot add bookmarks to a pdf if It already has bookmarks, nor can I delete all bookmarks.

# perl bookmark writeruse PDF::API2;
use PDF::API2;
use utf8::all;
use File::Basename;
my $oldfile = shift;
my $newfile = basename($oldfile, '.pdf') . '_new.pdf';
my $pdf = PDF::API2->open($oldfile);
my $outline = $pdf->outline();
while (my $item = $outline->next()) {
    $item->delete();
    print $i++, "\n";
}
$pdf->save($newfile);
[download]

I cannot see what PDF::API2 try to tell me the right way to do modification

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