Dunno about Raku but I already talked here about this BS in PHP. (AFAIK they've corrected the documentation in the meantime.)
The term stems IIRC from Lisp was popularized in Scheme and means a "hull" structure containing a sub plus bound lexical variables.
Not sure if other languages also implement this with lex-pads like Perl does. (See e.g. PadWalker)
PS: I'm happy to see that these videos initiate discussions. :)
Update
see also WP:Closure (computer programming)
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