The performance problems you're encountering are almost certainly due to the mechanics of the underlying filesystem, or its metadata handling to be more precise.

Choosing the right filesystem and the right options can have tremendous impact is some cases, but be sure to understand the implications. Linux native ext4 with default options is a good all-around choice. For temporary files, the tmpfs is an excellent candidate.

If you must use ext4 filesystem for backing lots and lots of transient files, however, do consider mounting it without journal (-o noload). Or the opposite—perhaps a generously sized journal might save the day. In any case, taking a step back to re-evaluate your optimization approaches would be in order.

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