As far as I'm aware, there isn't currently a supported introspection tool for determining a lexical var's type.
As far as I'm aware, fields isn't deprecated.
As far as I'm aware, the only compile-time checking that the perl core does for lexical is types is that the package corresponding to the type must already exist, and that in conjunction with the compile-time use of fields, it checks constant hash lookups of a typed lexical reference. For example:
package Foo;
use fields qw(a b c);
sub new { fields::new(@_); }
package main;
my Foo $r = Foo->new();
$r->{d} = 1; # compile-time error
$key = 'd';
$r->{$key} = 1; # run-time error
Dave.
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