Thanks I just realized it. (was compiling an answer but YOU were faster ;)

It's confusing

• encode_base64 is producing a base64 string
• but encode_utf8 is producing an octet-string (i.e. bytes oriented)
• while decode_utf8 is producing an utf8 character string from an octet string

so encode into base64 but encode from utf8!

update

and my initial example didn't fail because Ä is not a wide character (code-point <256), while ř (code-point 345) is.

update

from Encode#Basic-methods

> CAVEAT: When you run $octets = encode("utf8", $string) , then $octets might not be equal to $string. Though both contain the same data, the UTF8 flag for $octets is always off. When you encode anything, the UTF8 flag on the result is always off, even when it contains a completely valid utf8 string. See The UTF8 flag below.

so it's even more complicated encode_utf8 does convert into utf8 but w/o flag ..

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