There are myriad net explanations of the seldom used "local", "our", & "package" scopings but very little on this "file" scoping

Well, local, our, and package scoped variables (the latter two being pretty much the same anyway, see our) are actually very common, I'd say roughly as common as lexically scoped (my) variables, including at the lexical scope of the file. Admittedly, when writing a normal script one probably types my a lot more often than our, local, or state, but package and dynamic scoping may be being used a lot under the hood, like in the modules one loads. Anyway, if I am understanding your question correctly, you're asking about the my %webpaths variable, and why your three functions in package DataBank can keep using it despite the execution of the file DataBank.pm having already finished?

That's because the three subs refer to it, and so long as there is something that refers to the variable, Perl keeps it around. These "references" are uses of the variable in its lexical scope, as in your case, or lexical variables used by closures, but also references created explicitly, as in my $hashref = \%webpaths. So the answer is yes, this is the intended behavior you can rely on. Maybe this helps:

use warnings;
use strict;

{
    package Tracer;
    sub new { my $c=shift; bless {@_}, $c }
    sub DESTROY { print "DESTROY ".shift->{name}."\n" }
}

END { print "END\n" }

my $one = Tracer->new(name=>'one');
my $two = Tracer->new(name=>'two');

sub foo {
    my $three = Tracer->new(name=>'three');
    my $four = Tracer->new(name=>'four');
    $one->{foo}++;
    print "end of sub foo\n";
    return $three;
}

my $th = foo();
print "clearing \$th\n";
$th = undef;

print "end of main\n";

__END__

end of sub foo
DESTROY four
clearing $th
DESTROY three
end of main
DESTROY two
END
DESTROY one
[download]

Here, objects of my little class Tracer simply print a message when they are destroyed, which in Perl happens when the last reference to a variable goes away and it is garbage collected. You can see that:

• $four is declared in the scope of sub foo and only used there, so when the call to sub foo finishes executing, the variable is destroyed,
• $three is declared in the scope of sub foo, but the reference to the object is returned from the sub, so the outside code now holds a reference to it in $th, so it is not destroyed until we get rid of that reference,
• $two is declared at the scope of the file, and there are no other references to it, so when the scope of the file ends, it is destroyed,
• $one is declared at the scope of the file, and since sub foo uses it, it is kept around until global destruction.

Further reading: perlsub, in particular "Private Variables via my()", perlref, and perhaps also perlmod. Perhaps the bit of info you were missing was <update2> the keyword "lexical scope" that "file scope" is not really special, but just another lexical scope. </update2>

Update: Since I glossed over it above, it may be important to note that my has both a compile-time and run-time effect. At compile time, it declares that there is a lexical variable of that name so the compiler knows what that variable is when it sees it in the following code, but the initialization doesn't actually happen until runtime. This means that, for example, in sub bar { my %h; ... }, every call to bar() will create a new hash %h (unlike package variables, as I described in this recent thread). Also made a few small updates to above wording for clarification.

---

---

Posts are HTML formatted. Put <p> </p> tags around your paragraphs. Put <code> </code> tags around your code and data!

Titles consisting of a single word are discouraged, and in most cases are disallowed outright.

Read Where should I post X? if you're not absolutely sure you're posting in the right place.

Please read these before you post! —

• How do I compose an effective node title?
• How do I post a question effectively?
• Markup in the Monastery

Posts may use any of the Perl Monks Approved HTML tags:

a, abbr, b, big, blockquote, br, caption, center, col, colgroup, dd, del, details, div, dl, dt, em, font, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, hr, i, ins, li, ol, p, pre, readmore, small, span, spoiler, strike, strong, sub, summary, sup, table, tbody, td, tfoot, th, thead, tr, tt, u, ul, wbr

You may need to use entities for some characters, as follows. (Exception: Within code tags, you can put the characters literally.)

	For:		Use:
	&		&
	<		&lt;
	>		&gt;
	[		&#91;
	]		&#93;

Link using PerlMonks shortcuts! What shortcuts can I use for linking?

See Writeup Formatting Tips and other pages linked from there for more info.