the uncertainty of major breakage dampens my desire to do the rebuild unfortunately
I think that such caution is unwarranted.
If you do the rebuild with -Duselongdouble and the build still passes its tests, then there is no major breakage.
As regards minor breakages (ie errors not picked up by the test suite) - they are just as likely to be present in the "double" builds as in the "long double" builds.