It is a very strange error. My test mails are OK. I have also tried the script with static IPs and domains. The DNS settings seams to be Okay: 
cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 80.237.128.144
nameserver 80.237.128.145

It seems to depend where the line my $spf_server = Mail::SPF::Server->new(); is in the script. It only works when the line is direct after my using directive. 
pass (Mechanism 'ip4:185.82.77.171' matched)

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In reply to Re^2: DNS problems with Mail::SPF by nifu
in thread DNS problems with Mail::SPF by nifu

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