This is a very interesting endeavour! Here are my two cents:

• If the first row has a string and everything else is numbers, the column has a header. Scalar::Util::looks_like_number could be useful.
• If the first row has a number, it is not likely to be a header.
• If the first row is a string, but repeats further below it is not likely to be a header.
• If the value of the first row is unique but other values appear multiple times it is likely a header. This should be easy to implement.
• I would assign some likelihood for each column. If the average is above a threshold or one or more columns are certain to have a header, the first row is a header row.

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