Based on what I saw in another q/a about Unicode on this site I tried: perl -MUnicode::Map8 -e'print Unicode::Map8->new("utf8")->to8(<>)' to convert a UTF-8 string (output from XML::Parser) to Latin-1 (for insertion into an HTML document). When I pasted in Caffè Lena (the two characters after "Caff" represent an "e" with a grave accent) it complained Can't call method "to8" on an undefined value at -e line 1, <> line 1. I'm a mediocre (at best) Perl programmer. Adding Unicode to the mix really isn't helping my blood pressure. This has to be something really trivial. Any help much appreciated. Thx, Skip

In reply to How to get latin-1 out of a utf-8 string (5.6.1)? by skip@pobox.com

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