1. Some providers yes, some no. Smaller providers will let you get away with more. But their security is, necessarily, pretty poor, in my opinion. I had a shell/mysql/perl/php package at digitalspace which was relatively cheap, and the server/service was okay, not great (UCITA VIOLATION IN PROGRESS).
  2. Sure. a quick search turned up this page. Too bad I nuked my JS rant...but yes, sure you can do a lot with Javascript.
Update: Alokito is correct. You have to have some kind of write permission. If you can't run your own scripts, it's unlikely that you have any way to write.
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In reply to RE: CGI not accepted by server. by neshura
in thread CGI not accepted by server. by anmaco

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