I think the most complex data-structure I've ever created was for
HTML::Template. The module has two main structures - an array of ops including variables, text, loops and conditionals (@stack) and a hash of parameter names to the corresponding variable or loop (%map). The trick is that both the map and the stack point to the same underlying storage. This allows me to do something like this to set the value for a variable:
${$map{var_name}} = "text for var_name";
Then when I get to the place where I want to use the variable on the stack I just do:
$output .= ${$stack[$i]};
Since the same scalar is referenced from both @stack and %map I can get access to them both quickly and with no copying required.
Now, setting up this structure is indeed a royal pain in the ass but the payoff in output speed makes it all worthwhile. (Of course, these days all the real speed demons have moved on to HTML::Template::JIT!)
-sam
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