A two-pass process. First, count number of entries for each elem:
my %item_count;
%item_count{$_}++ foreach (@array);
Next, remove any element whose item_count != 1:
@result = grep {$item_count{$_} == 1} @array;
--Dave.
Update: for the duplicate sub-pattern problem:
my %item_count;
%item_count{$_}++ for grep {/pattern/} @array
@result = grep {$item_count{$_} <= 1} @array;
Update 2: to avoid the uninitialized value warning:
@result = grep {($item_count{$_}||0) <= 1} @array;
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