As a student of Faculty of mathematics I usually write long (La)TeX documents involving lots of braces, of various kinds. So I wrote this script: 
#!/usr/bin/perl

if ( $#ARGV==-1 ) {
    die "Not enough arguments";
}

open IN, "<".$ARGV[0] or die "Cannot open `$ARGV[0]'";

$brc[0]=$brc[1]=$brc[2]=0;

while (<IN>) {
    while (( s/\\\(// || (s/\(// && ($brc[0]++, print "(")) )
        || ( s/\\\)// || (s/\)// && ($brc[0]--, print ")")) )
        || ( s/\\\{// || (s/\{// && ($brc[1]++, print "{")) )
        || ( s/\\\}// || (s/\}// && ($brc[1]--, print "}")) )
        || ( s/\\\[// || (s/\[// && ($brc[2]++, print "[")) )
        || ( s/\\\]// || (s/\]// && ($brc[2]--, print "]")) )) { ; }
}

print "\n(): $brc[0], {}: $brc[1], []: $brc[2]\n";

[download]
It checks for unmatched pairs of braces, skipping the backslashed forms. At the end, if all three numbers aren't zero, then there are unmatched brace(s) somewhere in the document. That's it! It's small, effective, and it does its work!

In reply to (La)TeX brace counter by Strahinja

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